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| death_place = Saint-Brieuc, Brittany France | notable works = ''Le Sang noir'', ''La Maison du Peuple'', ''Le Pain des Rêves'', ''Le Jeu de Patience'', ''OK Joe!'' | signature = Louisguillouxsignature.jpg | signature_alt = | website = | footnotes = }} Louis Guilloux (1899–1980) was a French writer born in Saint-Brieuc, Brittany, where he lived throughout his life. He is known for his Social Realist novels describing working class life and political struggles in the mid-twentieth century. His best-known book is ''Le Sang noir'' (Black Blood), which has been described as a "prefiguration of Sartre's ''La Nausée''."〔Greene, Francis J. - Louis Guilloux's "Le Sang noir" : A Prefiguration of Sartre's "La Nausée" , French Review : Journal of the American Association of Teachers of French (Chapel Hill, USA ; ISSN 0016-111X), 1969, 43, p. 205.〕 ==Life and work== Guilloux's father was a shoemaker and socialist activist, a background that Guilloux describes in his first book ''La Maison du Peuple'' (The House of the People), which centres on the struggles of a shoemaker called Quéré as seen through the eyes of his young son. The story describes how Quéré's idealistic political activism threatens his small business as he loses custom by pushing against ingrained conservatism. Nevertheless he manages to build self-help cooperatives on the model of Proudhonism.〔Walter D. Redfern, "Political Novel and Art of Simplicity: Louis Guilloux", ''Journal of European Studies'', 1971; 1; 115.〕 In high school, Guilloux befriended the philosophy tutor Georges Palante, an anarchist thinker who later killed himself. Palante's despair inspired him to create the character of Cripure, the anguished anti-hero of ''Le Sang Noir'' (1935), which is considered his masterpiece. The name Cripure is a contraction of "Critique de la raison pure" (Critique of Pure Reason). He also commemorated his old tutor in a memoir.〔(Louis Guilloux, Souvenirs sur G. Palante. Paris, Calligrammes, 1980 )〕 Before becoming a professional writer, literary translator and interpreter, Guilloux worked in various trades, including journalism. He was well known for his fluency in the English language. He married in 1924, and published ''La Maison du Peuple'' in 1927. The success of the book led to a long series of novels on socially committed themes, usually based in his native Brittany. His masterpiece ''Le Sang Noir'' was notable for its departure from his earlier, more straightforwardly socialist literature, since it contains elements of what was later associated with an existentialist or absurdist vision. It centres on the suicidal thoughts of the anti-hero, Cripure, who feels overwhelming disgust at humanity in the destructive circumstances of militarism during World War I. Contrasted with the figure of Cripure is the nominal hero, Lucien, who aspires to work for a better future. But the grotesque and self-excoriating visions of Cripure are repeatedly portrayed as more powerful and compelling than Lucien's idealism.〔JH King, "Louis Guilloux's Ambiguous Epic Le Sang Noir", ''Forum for Modern Language Studies'', Jan 1972, vol vii, no.1.〕 The book was translated into English under the title ''Bitter Victory''. ''Le Pain des Rêves'' (Bread of Dreams), which he wrote during the Occupation, won the ''Prix du roman populiste'' in 1942. After the liberation of France, Guilloux worked as an interpreter for the American army of occupation. In ''OK Joe!'' he explored racial inequalities and injustice in the segregated American army of the time.〔Kaplan, Alice, ''On Violent Judgment'' : Louis Guilloux's Novel about Race, Justice, and the Segregated Army that Liberated France , French Literature Series, Vol. 35, No. 1. (1 October 2008), pp. 105-122.〕 Guilloux's experiences at this time are described by Alice Kaplan in her 2006 book ''The Interpreter''.〔(Alice Kaplan, The Interpreter. (New York and London: Free Press, 2005). 256 pp. $25.00 US (hbk). ISBN 0-7432-5424-4. )〕 His 1949 novel ''Le Jeu de Patience'' (Game of Patience) won the Prix Renaudot. It has been described as his most experimental work, "an intricate text demanding patient reconstitution by the reader. Micro- and macro-history collide: the horrors of war, and anarchist and Popular Front politics or right-wing coups, impinge violently on private dramas. It is a haunted kaleidoscope, often hallucinatory."〔Walter Redfern, "Louis Guilloux", ''French Literature Companion''.〕 Guilloux was also a translator of a number of books, including the novel ''Home to Harlem'' written by black American author Claude McKay, published in 1932 under the title ''Ghetto Noir''. He also translated John Steinbeck, Margaret Kennedy, and Robert Didier, and some of the Hornblower series of novels by C.S. Forester. Towards the end of his life he created scripts for television adaptations of literary classics. Louis Guilloux was friendly with many notable writers. He knew the philosopher Jean Grenier from his teenage years, and was close to Albert Camus. He was also friends with André Malraux and Jean Guéhenno. Camus praised his work highly, and compared his story ''Compagnons'' (Companions) to Leo Tolstoy's ''The Death of Ivan Ilyich''.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Louis Guilloux」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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